Urea Solution Dosing System for Improved Catalyst Efficiency

A New Dynamic Injection System of Urea-Water Solution for a Vehicular Select Catalyst Reduction System

Since the Euro-III standard was adopted, the main methods to inhibit NOx production in diesel engines are exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and select catalyst reduction (SCR). On these methods SCR offers great fuel economy, so it has received wide attention. However, there also exists a trade-off law between NOx conversion efficiency and NH3 slip under dynamic conditions. To inhibit NH3 slip wit...

An improved approach for ranking the candidates in a voting system based on efficiency intervals

This paper proposes improvements and revisions to a recent approach in a voting system, and provides an effective approach with a stronger discriminate power. For this purpose, the advantage of a linear transformation is utilized to redene a previously used concept of virtual worst candidate, by incorporating the existing weight restrictions. Then, the best score of this virtual candidate is us...

Radio-Frequency-Controlled Urea Dosing for NH3-SCR Catalysts: NH3 Storage Influence to Catalyst Performance under Transient Conditions

Current developments in exhaust gas aftertreatment led to a huge mistrust in diesel driven passenger cars due to their NOx emissions being too high. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia (NH₃) as reducing agent is the only approach today with the capability to meet upcoming emission limits. Therefore, the radio-frequency-based (RF) catalyst state determination to monitor the NH₃ ...

Accuracy of Ektachem DT system for urea improved by using 70 g/L albumin solution as diluent.

Automatic graphene transfer system for improved material quality and efficiency

In most applications based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene, the transfer from the growth to the target substrate is a critical step for the final device performance. Manual procedures are time consuming and depend on handling skills, whereas existing automatic roll-to-roll methods work well for flexible substrates but tend to induce mechanical damage in rigid ones. A new system that...